31) VLAD
Give me that!
By now, you have probably noticed a surprising lack of "that one" in Russian. The thing is, Russian mostly uses "этот" both for "this" and "that", unless you need to make a contrast between "this one here" and "that one there".
However, when you are really pointing at things, use whatever you like!
- «вот тут»~right here;«вот э́тот» ~ "this one here"
- «вон там»~over there; «вон тот» ~ "that one over there"
("вот" is acceptable with both)
Clothing
- оде́жда is a mass noun for "clothes", о́бувь for footwear.
- ту́фли are also "shoes", but a more specific kind: "dress shoes" or the shoes you'd use with a gown
- боти́нок ...a dictionary will say it's a bit higher than a "dress shoe". In reality, especially in men's speech, the word is often used for shoes, too
- сапо́г is most definitely a boot
- пальто́ is typically a long outer garment
- ку́ртка is more generic but usually refers to a shorter outer garment—with proportions not much different from a shirt
- руба́шка is the word used for shirt. «Соро́чка» is a formal word for a shirt that is worn as a part of a suit (eg. with pants, a jacket and a necktie), but people still use "руба́шка" anyway.
a bigger/smaller shirt
From the Adjectives skill you might remember «бо́льше» and «меньше» as words for "more/bigger" and "less/fewer/smaller". Since these work as adverbs, it is problematic to use them with nouns.
Instead, the words «побо́льше» / «поме́ньше» are used AFTER a noun:
- Я хочу́ стол побо́льше/поме́ньше.
- Да́йте я́блоко побо́льше.
This works with some other popular adjectives: подлинне́е, покоро́че, полу́чше. When not used with nouns directly, these have a colloquial quality.
Actually, with adjectives other than большо́й/мале́нький you may resort to «бо́лее дли́нное пальто́». However, «бо́лее большо́е»? No. Just no.